Four companies in India know your entire borrowing history: TransUnion CIBIL, Experian, Equifax, and CRIF High Mark. These are the Credit Information Companies (CICs) licensed by RBI under the Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005.
Every bank, NBFC, and fintech lender in India is legally required to report your loan status to all four CICs. Every month (and from July 2026, every week), they send updates: how much you owe, whether you paid on time, how many days you are overdue.
What they actually track
- All loans (home, personal, auto, education, credit card, gold, microfinance)
- Credit card limits and utilization
- Payment history (on-time, 1-30 days late, 31-60 days late, etc.)
- Loan applications and inquiries (hard pulls)
- Written-off accounts, settlements, defaults
The July 2026 change: weekly reporting
RBI has mandated that Credit Institutions must report borrower data weekly (on the 9th, 16th, 23rd, and last day of each month) starting July 1, 2026. Previously it was monthly. This means:
- A payment you make today reflects in your credit report within 7-10 days (not 30-45 days)
- A missed payment also shows up faster
- Your score updates more frequently
Why this matters for you
Faster reporting means your positive behavior (paying off a credit card, closing a loan) improves your score within days rather than weeks. But it also means a single missed EMI damages your score almost immediately.
